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The Kingdom of Bhutan (pronounced /buːˈtɑːn/) is a landlocked nation in South Asia, located at the eastern end of the Himalaya Mountains and bordered to the south, east and west by the Republic of India and to the north by Tibet. Bhutan is separated from the nearby state of Nepal to the west by the Indian state of Sikkim, and from Bangladesh to the south by West Bengal. The Bhutanese call their country Druk Yul (Dzongkha: འབྲུག་ཡུལ་ 'drug yul) which means "Land of the Thunder Dragon".[7]
Bhutan used to be one of the most isolated nations in the world. Developments including direct international flights, the Internet, mobile phone networks, and cable television have increasingly modernized the urban areas of the country. Bhutan has balanced modernization with its ancient culture and traditions under the guiding philosophy of Gross National Happiness (GNH). Rampant destruction of the environment has been avoided. The government takes great measures to preserve the nation's traditional culture, identity and the environment. In 2006, Business Week magazine rated Bhutan the happiest country in Asia and the eighth-happiest in the world, citing a global survey conducted by the University of Leicester in 2006 called the "World Map of Happiness".[8]
Bhutan's landscape ranges from subtropical plains in the south to the Himalayan heights in the north, with some peaks exceeding 7,000 metres (23,000 ft). The state religion is Vajrayana Buddhism, and the population of 691,141 is predominantly Buddhist, with Hinduism being the second-largest religion. The capital and largest city is Thimphu. After centuries of direct monarchic rule, Bhutan held its first democratic elections in March 2008. Among other international associations, Bhutan is a member of the United Nations and the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC). The total area of the country is currently 38,394 square kilometres (14,824 sq mi)[9].
This article is about the country. For other uses, see Nepal (disambiguation).
This article is semi-protected indefinitely in response to an ongoing high risk of vandalism.
संघीय लोकतान्त्रिक गणतन्त्र नेपाल
Sanghiya Loktāntrik Ganatantra Nepāl
Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal
Flag Emblem
Motto: जननी जन्मभूमिश्च स्वर्गादपि गरीयसी(Devanāgarī)
"Mother and Motherland are Greater than Heaven"
Anthem: "Sayaun Thunga Phool Ka"
Capital
(and largest city) Kathmandu (Nepali: काठमांडौ)
27°42′N 85°19′E / 27.7°N 85.317°E / 27.7; 85.317
Official languages Nepali[1]
Recognised regional languages Maithili, Nepal Bhasa, Bhojpuri, Tharu, Gurung, Tamang, Magar, Awadhi, Sherpa, Kiranti, Limbu and other 100 different indigenous languages.
Demonym Nepali
Government Republic
- President Ram Baran Yadav
- Vice President Parmanand Jha
- Prime Minister Madhav Kumar Nepal
Unification
- Kingdom declared December 21, 1768
- State declared January 15, 2007
- Republic declared May 28, 2008
Area
- Total 147,181 km2 (93rd)
56,827 sq mi
- Water (%) 2.8
Population
- 2009 estimate 29,331,000[2] (40th)
- 2007 census 28,875,140
- Density 199.3/km2 (56th)
518.1/sq mi
GDP (PPP) 2008 estimate
- Total $31.634 billion[3]
- Per capita $1,144[3]
GDP (nominal) 2008 estimate
- Total $12.283 billion[3]
- Per capita $444[3]
Gini (2003–04) 47.2 (high)
HDI (2007) ▲ 0.553[4] (medium) (144th)
Currency Rupee (NPR)
Time zone NPT (UTC+5:45)
- Summer (DST) not observed (UTC+5:45)
Drives on the left
Internet TLD .np
Calling code 977
Nepal (pronounced nə-PAHL; Nepali: नेपाल Nepal.ogg [neˈpaːl] (help·info)), officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal, is a landlocked country in South Asia and, as of 2010, the world's most recent nation to become a republic. It is bordered to the north by the People's Republic of China, and to the south, east, and west by the Republic of India. With an area of 147,181 square kilometres (56,827 sq mi) and a population of approximately 30 million, Nepal is the world's 93rd largest country by land mass[5] and the 41st most populous country. Kathmandu is the nation's capital and the country's largest metropolitan city.
Nepal is a country of highly diverse and rich geography, culture, and religions. The mountainous north has eight of the world's ten highest mountains, including the highest, Sagarmatha, known in English as Mount Everest. The fertile and humid south is heavily urbanized. It contains over 240 peaks more than 20,000 ft (6,096 metres) above sea level.[6]
By some measures, Hinduism is practised by a larger majority of people in Nepal than in any other nation.[7] Buddhism, though a minority faith in the country, is linked historically with Nepal as the birthplace of Siddhartha Gautama, who as the Buddha Gautama gave birth to the Buddhist tradition. About half of the population live below the international poverty line of US$1.25 a day.[8]
A monarchy throughout most of its history, Nepal was ruled by the Shah dynasty of kings from 1768, when Prithvi Narayan Shah unified its many small kingdoms. In 2006, however, decade-long People's Revolution by the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) along with several weeks of mass protests by all major political parties of Nepal culminated in a peace accord, and the ensuing elections for the constituent assembly voted overwhelmingly in favor of the abdication of the last Nepali monarch Gyanendra Shah and the establishment of a federal democratic republic in May 28, 2008.[9] The first President of Nepal, Ram Baran Yadav, was sworn in on 23 July 2008.
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